Se compone de dos trabajos. Jaime Caiceo Escudero traza un panorama de las etapas de la filosofía en Chile, con generoso espacio para el pensamiento católico. Elena Sánchez de Irarrázabal se refiere a Clarence Finlayson (1913-54), destacado filósofo católico que enseñó en varios países de América Latina y en Estados Unidos, y es autor de Dios y la filosofía (ver HLAS 11:3904), entre otras obras"--Handbook of Latin American Studies, v. 58.

One of the most important Italian witness of Auschwitz explains what it means to live an experience characterized by the sorrow for the massacre of one’s family and by all the people whom one has seen to die; an experience that is backed up by the hope, very soon to be broken, that what one has seen and suffered can be a warning. The only thing to do is to repeat, in each school, the live existence of the children who (...) we have seen to walk towards the gas chamber, in order for her memory to survive, for a little while still. Her existence is that of a witness who cannot be in peace for what is named the “conflict between the historian and the witness”, and most of all for what she feels as a lack of respect, an offense even, towards who, by testifying, speaks in behalf of millions of dead. (shrink)

One of the most important Italian witness of Auschwitz explains what it means to live an experience characterized by the sorrow for the massacre of one’s family and by all the people whom one has seen to die; an experience that is backed up by the hope, very soon to be broken, that what one has seen and suffered can be a warning. The only thing to do is to repeat, in each school, the live existence of the children who (...) we have seen to walk towards the gas chamber, in order for her memory to survive, for a little while still. Her existence is that of a witness who cannot be in peace for what is named the “conflict between the historian and the witness”, and most of all for what she feels as a lack of respect, an offense even, towards who, by testifying, speaks in behalf of millions of dead. (shrink)

The INBIOSA project brings together a group of experts across many disciplines who believe that science requires a revolutionary transformative step in order to address many of the vexing challenges presented by the world. It is INBIOSA’s purpose to enable the focused collaboration of an interdisciplinary community of original thinkers. This paper sets out the case for support for this effort. The focus of the transformative research program proposal is biology-centric. We admit that biology to date has been more fact-oriented (...) and less theoretical than physics. However, the key leverageable idea is that careful extension of the science of living systems can be more effectively applied to some of our most vexing modern problems than the prevailing scheme, derived from abstractions in physics. While these have some universal application and demonstrate computational advantages, they are not theoretically mandated for the living. A new set of mathematical abstractions derived from biology can now be similarly extended. This is made possible by leveraging new formal tools to understand abstraction and enable computability. [The latter has a much expanded meaning in our context from the one known and used in computer science and biology today, that is "by rote algorithmic means", since it is not known if a living system is computable in this sense (Mossio et al., 2009).] Two major challenges constitute the effort. The first challenge is to design an original general system of abstractions within the biological domain. The initial issue is descriptive leading to the explanatory. There has not yet been a serious formal examination of the abstractions of the biological domain. What is used today is an amalgam; much is inherited from physics (via the bridging abstractions of chemistry) and there are many new abstractions from advances in mathematics (incentivized by the need for more capable computational analyses). Interspersed are abstractions, concepts and underlying assumptions “native” to biology and distinct from the mechanical language of physics and computation as we know them. A pressing agenda should be to single out the most concrete and at the same time the most fundamental process-units in biology and to recruit them into the descriptive domain. Therefore, the first challenge is to build a coherent formal system of abstractions and operations that is truly native to living systems. Nothing will be thrown away, but many common methods will be philosophically recast, just as in physics relativity subsumed and reinterpreted Newtonian mechanics. -/- This step is required because we need a comprehensible, formal system to apply in many domains. Emphasis should be placed on the distinction between multi-perspective analysis and synthesis and on what could be the basic terms or tools needed. The second challenge is relatively simple: the actual application of this set of biology-centric ways and means to cross-disciplinary problems. In its early stages, this will seem to be a “new science”. This White Paper sets out the case of continuing support of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for transformative research in biology and information processing centered on paradigm changes in the epistemological, ontological, mathematical and computational bases of the science of living systems. Today, curiously, living systems cannot be said to be anything more than dissipative structures organized internally by genetic information. There is not anything substantially different from abiotic systems other than the empirical nature of their robustness. We believe that there are other new and unique properties and patterns comprehensible at this bio-logical level. The report lays out a fundamental set of approaches to articulate these properties and patterns, and is composed as follows. -/- Sections 1 through 4 (preamble, introduction, motivation and major biomathematical problems) are incipient. Section 5 describes the issues affecting Integral Biomathics and Section 6 -- the aspects of the Grand Challenge we face with this project. Section 7 contemplates the effort to formalize a General Theory of Living Systems (GTLS) from what we have today. The goal is to have a formal system, equivalent to that which exists in the physics community. Here we define how to perceive the role of time in biology. Section 8 describes the initial efforts to apply this general theory of living systems in many domains, with special emphasis on crossdisciplinary problems and multiple domains spanning both “hard” and “soft” sciences. The expected result is a coherent collection of integrated mathematical techniques. Section 9 discusses the first two test cases, project proposals, of our approach. They are designed to demonstrate the ability of our approach to address “wicked problems” which span across physics, chemistry, biology, societies and societal dynamics. The solutions require integrated measurable results at multiple levels known as “grand challenges” to existing methods. Finally, Section 10 adheres to an appeal for action, advocating the necessity for further long-term support of the INBIOSA program. -/- The report is concluded with preliminary non-exclusive list of challenging research themes to address, as well as required administrative actions. The efforts described in the ten sections of this White Paper will proceed concurrently. Collectively, they describe a program that can be managed and measured as it progresses. (shrink)

In this paper, I attemp to clarify the controversial use of pathêmata tîs psuchês, made by Aristotle in De Anima and De Interpretatione, specially when he signifies the act of thinking, thoughts and knowledge in general. I defend the thesis that the term pathos is essential for Aristotle's theory of knowledge. My argument is based upon the distinction, made by Aristotle in De Anima and Metaphysics, betwen two meanings of this term: as movement to the other, and as growth to (...) the same. I interpret the latter in connection with the act, and I state the senses in which it would be proper to predicate the passibility and the impassibility of the faculties of cognition, the things which are known, and knowledge itself as act. (shrink)

Do the rich descriptions and narrative shapings of literature provide a valuable resource for readers, writers, philosophers, and everyday people to imagine and confront the ultimate questions of life? Do the human activities of storytelling and complex moral decision-making have a deep connection? What are the moral responsibilities of the artist, critic, and reader? What can religious perspectives—from Catholic to Protestant to Mormon—contribute to literary criticism? Thirty well known contributors reflect on these questions, including iterary theorists Marshall Gregory, James Phelan, (...) and Wayne Booth; philosophers Martha Nussbaum, Richard Hart, and Nina Rosenstand; and authors John Updike, Charles Johnson, Flannery O'Connor, and Bernard Malamud. Divided into four sections, with introductory matter and questions for discussion, this accessible anthology represents the most crucial work today exploring the interdisciplinary connections between literature, religion and philosophy. (shrink)

The possible integration of genomic sequencing (including whole‐genome and whole‐exome sequencing) into the three contexts addressed in this special report—state‐mandated screening programs, clinical care, and direct‐to‐consumer services—raises related but distinct legal issues. This essay will outline the legal issues surrounding the integration of genomic sequencing into state newborn screening programs, parental rights to refuse and access sequencing for their newborns in clinical and direct‐to‐consumer care, and privacy‐related legal issues attending the use of sequencing in newborns.

En su más reciente libro, Cuestiones de Filosofía del Lenguaje: Pragmática, David Pérez Chico (2022) nos presenta una muy interesante selección de artículos sobre diferentes temáticas actualmente trabajadas en filosofía del lenguaje. Personalmente, considero que este libro es una lectura imprescindible para cualquier lector de habla hispana que quiera introducirse en las temáticas más contemporáneamente discutidas en esa disciplina. En este marco, en el presente artículo me propongo realizar un análisis crítico de cuatro de los artículos de la compilación que (...) trabajan la temática de las emisiones evaluativas, i.e., emisiones cuya extensión depende de parámetros contextuales semánticamente no estándares. (shrink)

Models based on possible worlds have proved to be very useful in the interpretation of modal expressions. However, there is a difference in the way that mathematicians and philosophers may use such models. The mathematician constructs them to serve his own purposes and thereby determines their properties. The philosopher, on the other hand, does not have so much freedom. His objective, which is to achieve a better understanding of language, puts limits on this. Not everything can be stipulated. This fact (...) is sometimes forgotten. An example of this is the almost unrestricted use of the notion of transworld identidy in philosophical explanations and discussions. The first objective of the article is to show that this unrestricted use is illegitimate. On the other hand, it would be important to maintain the possibility of using the notion. The second objective of the article is precisely to show how this can be achieved. The kind of structure which appears to be most appropriate to account for how modalities are applied to particulars is then made explicit, formal applications of the proposed model are briefly presented, and the conditions for the application of the notion of transworld identity in the interpretation of natural language are considered. (shrink)

Conciliar los conceptos de creatividad, invención e innovación con el de evolución, al pensar la técnica, enfrenta un problema y una objeción entrelazados. El problema consiste en que los tres primeros implicarían un propósito o intencionalidad, mientras que el cuarto subsume un proceso ciego y carente de fines. De ahí la objeción a utilizar el modelo evolutivo darwinista en filosofía de la técnica. El propósito de este trabajo es proponer y defender la posibilidad de pensar fructíferamente sobre la evolución técnica (...) -más allá de una mera metáfora-, sin dejar de utilizar los tres primeros conceptos señalados. (shrink)

Este ensayo es un primer ejercicio en neurofilosofía. De forma análoga a la naturalización en epistemología, esta consistiría en: 1) un intento por describir, explicar y comprender los valores y las valoraciones como hechos al alcance de la experiencia humana, i. e., como procesos y productos que ocurren en la naturaleza; 2) argumentar por la posibilidad, deseabilidad y conveniencia filosófica (en virtud del conocimiento alcanzado en la neurociencia) de tratar esos hechos desde el punto de vista de la biología evolutiva (...) que, a su vez, conduzca a una axiología evolucionista; 3) incorporar explícitamente en la reflexión: a) la evolución de las bases neurales de las valoraciones, y b) la evolución de su contenido a lo largo de la vida de una persona como a lo largo de la historia de un conjunto sociocultural. (shrink)

The concept of “predatory” publishing, despite many studies of the phenomenon, continues to be unclear. This paper visualizes this topic through an epistemological perspective, claiming that these limitations emerge from an impressionism of idealization, the entrapment of cause and effect induced by a journalology-based perspective, and entrenched fantasized extraction, imagination and divination of what constitutes the truth, in essence, a path never followed by an _epistēmōn_. Reality, proof, verification, recorded observations and their interpretations have been pivoted to fit the theoretical (...) flavor of the day, an entity one day being predatory, the next not. Perhaps ephemeral judgements of predatory have been built on boundless disregard for common sense. Yet, these have led to scientists’ apotheosis, almost oblivious of the intangibility of “valid”, or the infinitesimal continuum of “predatory”. Perhaps their fault-ridden authoritarian argumentative disabilities is at fault. (shrink)

1. Simultaneidade e presença ; O ser, o existir e o afirmar -- 2. Ensaios de axiologia realista-problemática ; Noções de moral realista-probemática ; Um novo banquete -- 3. Fragmentos filosóficos ; A anunciação de Emanuel ; Curso de filosofia realista-problemática -- 4. Uma análise realista-problemática dos absolutos ; Introdução à filosofia realista-problemática.

The systemic complexity of sustainable development imposes a major cognitive challenge to students’ learning. Faculty can explore new approaches in the classroom to teach the topic successfully, including the use of technology. We conducted an experiment to compare the effectiveness of a simulation vis-à-vis a case-based method to teach sustainable development. We found that both pedagogical methods are effective for teaching this concept, although our results support the idea that simulations are slightly more effective than case studies, particularly to teach (...) its multidimensional and inter-temporal nature. Therefore, our findings suggest the use of both simulations and case studies as pedagogical tools to convey the main ideas associated with sustainable development. (shrink)

O autor defende a teoria da afirmação pura de Patrício Muniz contra os ataques de Leonel Franca é Sílvio Romero e sustenta que a teoria é parte integrante da Axiologia.

ABSTRACT The BiRCh Project (The Corpus of Bilingual Russian Child Speech) involves collecting a longitudinal audio corpus of Russian spoken by children and their families in Russia, Ukraine, Germany, the U.S., and Canada. We are building a large-scale corpus based on a subset of this data, the “Parsed and Audio-aligned Corpus of Bilingual Russian Child and Child-directed Speech (BiRCh)” with two basic components: (1) 1-million-word transcripts which are time-aligned with the audio speech signal and fully textsearchable, and (2) a 500K-word (...) morphologically annotated and parsed portion of the transcripts, also audio-aligned. We are using this corpus to investigate various phenomena in the linguistic input and the developmental trajectory of heritage bilinguals, e.g., case, gender, passives, impersonals, politeness markers, disfluencies, and discourse markers. This article focuses on the challenges and solutions of the BiRCh development and the implications for research on the richly annotated data provided by the corpus. (shrink)

tome I. Théorie raisonnée des idées chez Antoine Arnauld : reprise et prolongement du projet cartésien.

El presente estudio constituye un examen crítico de las posibles aporías e inconsistencias teóricas en las que incurre el pensamiento hermenéutico de Vattimo cuando extrae las consecuencias práctico-políticas implícitas en sus postulados de carácter ontológico. En particular, se trata de mostrar en qué medida el propio modo en el cual la ontología hermenéutica justifica sus posiciones antirrealistas y antidescriptivas implica, en la esfera de lo público, la adopción de una encubierta óptica descriptiva que busca en último término la legitimación de (...) una opción práctico-política objetiva diferente a aquella que supuestamente derivaría del realismo metafísico. (shrink)

Twenty years ago I put a sign on the door to my office —and it’s still there— with the sentence of Peirce that I have used in my title: "The life of science is in the desire to learn" (CP 1.235, c.1902). I learned this quote from the late professor of logic at MIT, George Boolos. Like him, I put it on my door to invite students to come in to inquire, to ask questions, since their questions are not just (...) the life of science, but also the sparks that inflame my passion for teaching. Those —professors and students— who desire to learn are the real agents, the main characters, of philosophical development. Philosophy should not be understood and taught as the transmission of old solutions to outdated problems, but as a way of life devoted to learning the truth wherever we might find it. My exposition will be divided into four sections: 1) A brief presentation of Peirce, focusing on his work as a professional scientist and a scientific philosopher; 2) Peirce considered as an educational philosopher; 3) Some practical suggestions I have drawn from Peirce's ideas and from my experience teaching philosophy today; and finally, 4) A brief conclusion. (shrink)

Tradición y problemas de la filosofía en Colombia. -- La situación actual de la filosofia. -- Etapas de la filosofía en la historia intelectual colombiana. -- El conflicto entre la conciencia religiosa y la ciencia moderna: Mutis y Caldas. -- Valoración e influencia de Rousseau en Colombia.

In this paper Peirce's notion of sign is studied to try to characterize the artistic sign as representation. Then, some considerations about the work of art as a sign are developed involving three elements: experience, expression and interpretation. Finally it is concluded that beauty requires for Peirce a peculiar balance, the imaginative conjunction of the sensible and the reasonable in an artistic sign; it requires moreover the expression of something that transcends the sensible; it requires, as a sign, an interpretation (...) which is not exact and which implies growth. It requires, finally, love, because an artist will only reach beauty guided by agape updating and harmonizing possibilities through abduction, that is, creating new signs that give form to what does not have it; the artist only reaches beauty when he loves what he does and when he can express himself freely. -/- En este artículo se estudia, en primer lugar, la noción de signo de Peirce para tratar de caracterizar después el signo artístico como representación. Se desarrollan enseguida algunas consideraciones sobre la obra de arte como signo que como tal conlleva tres elementos: experiencia, expresión e interpretación. Finalmente se concluye que la belleza requiere para Peirce un peculiar equilibrio, la conjunción imaginativa de lo sensible y lo razonable en un signo artístico; requiere además la expresión de algo que trasciende lo sensible; requiere, en tanto signo, de una interpretación que no es exacta y que implica crecimiento. Requiere, por último, amor, pues el artista solo alcanzará lo bello cuando sea guiado por el ágape y a través de la abducción vaya actualizando y armonizando posibilidades, creando nuevos signos que den forma a lo que no la tiene, cuando ame lo que hace y se exprese libremente. (shrink)

Em sua Teoria da AfOO Comumcativa; Jurgen Habermas "distingue" razao instrumental e razio comunicativa e apresenta suas teses sobre 0 estatuto e 0 Iugar da filosofia na roltura contemporiIlea. A partir da analisedos estudos de Habermas sobre a Pragmatica Universal, 0 autor discute a natureza da raziio comunicativa (haveria ai urnacim no interiormesmo da razio?) e questionaasbases dadefini~ habermasianade filosofia (pragmatica au transcendentalismo?).

La teoría de la afectividad de Michel Henry, expuesta y desarrollada ya en su primera gran obra “La esencia de la manifestación”, constituye el núcleo fundamental vertebrador de todo su pensamiento fenomenológico posterior. En el presente estudio tratamos de reconstruir e interpretar esa teoría de la afectividad vital originaria con el fin de mostrar hasta qué punto representa uno de los más arriesgados y fecundos intentos (en el marco de la filosofía contemporánea) de reconocer en el origen de toda experiencia (...) posible una “inmediación patética” anterior a nuestra apertura al mundo. Un elemento afectivovital susceptible incluso de presentarse como una reformulación del cogito cartesianoen clave fenomenológica. (shrink)

O autor realça a dicotomia entre asidéias de Homem e de Deus, igualmente enfocadaem J. P. Sartre e em Nietzsche. O conteúdo axiológicoem Deus contém a afirmação absoluta doHomem, logo, não são idéias contrárias, uma vezque o homem tende para Deus. As metas humanasestão contidas na idéias de Deus, portanto,não nos é lícito proclamar "a morte de Deus" antesque o homem se transforme em Deus...

In 2007. Terence Tao wrote on his blog an essay about soft analysis, hard analysis and the finitization of soft analysis statements into hard analysis statements. One of his main examples was a quasi-finitization of the infinite pigeonhole principle IPP, arriving at the "finitary" infinite pigeonhole principle FIPP₁. That turned out to not be the proper formulation and so we proposed an alternative version FIPP₂. Tao himself formulated yet another version FIPP₃ in a revised version of his essay. We give (...) a counterexample to FIPP₁ and discuss for both of the versions FIPP₂ and FIPP₃ the faithfulness of their respective finitization of IPP by studying the equivalences IPP ↔ FIPP₂ and IPP ↔ FIPP₃ in the context of reverse mathematics ([9]). In the process of doing this we also introduce a continuous uniform boundedness principle CUB as a formalization of Tao's notion of a correspondence principle and study the strength of this principle and various restrictions thereof in terms of reverse mathematics, i.e., in terms of the "big five" subsystems of second order arithmetic. (shrink)

Las aportaciones del pensamiento de Walter Benjamin en torno al ocio parecen quedar al margen del renovado interés con que se estudia su obra. Aquí se tratará de mostrarse cómo los conceptos de ocio y ociosidad están estrechamente relacionados con algunos de los hilos conductores centrales de sus escritos. Se discutirá el papel que atribuye Benjamin a los diversos modos de transmisión literaria en la conformación de la experiencia, identificándose la posición relativa del ocio en cada caso, así como su (...) función. Finalmente, se propondrá una interpretación sobre la tarea que este puede desempeñar en la orientación general emancipatoria de la obra de Benjamin. (shrink)

Neste artigo analisa-se a base teórica da agroecologia e o conhecimento empírico, com ênfase na agricultura familiar. Buscou-se estabelecer uma relação dessa base teórica com o conhecimento empírico em unidade familiar agrícola do município de Santa Cruz do Sul, RS/Brasil. As tendências mundiais mostram que a agricultura convencional ainda tem preferência, embora o desenvolvimento da agricultura de base ecológica, nos últimos anos, tenha crescido consideravelmente. A continuidade do desenvolvimento da agricultura de base ecológica depende do aumento pela procura por produtos (...) orgânicos, por um lado, e por outro, de uma nova reestruturação da comercialização, bem como da organização dos agricultores familiares e da criação de políticas públicas para esse fim. Resultados positivos para o desenvolvimento sustentável dependem muito do desenvolvimento adequado e combinado da produção, industrialização e comercialização da produção, bem como das formas de organização e engajamento dos "atores sociais", mas, sobretudo do planejamento da sociedade regional sobre o seu futuro. (shrink)